This PR fixes the build on all platforms and all Rust version down to the
minimum Rust version supported by libc: Rust 1.13.0.

The `build.rs` is extended with logic to detect the newer Rust features used by
`libc` since Rust 1.13.0:

* Rust 1.19.0: `untagged_unions`. APIs using untagged unions are gated on
  `cfg(libc_unions)` and not available on older Rust versions.

* Rust 1.25.0: `repr(align)`. Because `repr(align)` cannot be parsed by older
  Rust versions, all uses of `repr(align)` are split into `align.rs` and
  `no_align.rs` modules, which are gated on the `cfg(libc_align)` at the top
  level. These modules sometimes contain macros that are expanded at the top
  level to avoid privacy issues (`pub(crate)` is not available in older Rust
  versions). Closes #1242 .

* Rust : `const` `mem::size_of`. These uses are worked around with hardcoded
  constants on older Rust versions.

Also, `repr(packed)` structs cannot automatically `derive()` some traits like
`Debug`. These have been moved into `s_no_extra_traits!` and the lint of missing
`Debug` implementations on public items is silenced for these. We can manually
implement the `extra_traits` for these in a follow up PR. This is tracked
in #1243. Also, `extra_traits` does not enable `align` manually anymore.

Since `f64::to_bits` is not available in older Rust versions, its usage
has been replaced with a `transmute` to an `u64` which is what that method
does under the hood.

Closes #1232 .

This used to be defined multiple times in different (but not all)
architectures. Moving it to general linux module since it's an
architecture independent feature.

These are used by the flock wrapper in rustc_data_structures. The
constants were already present in x86_64-linux-gnu and BSD (since
4928bd98).

`pthread_mutex_t` varies across architectures, in several ways:
- endianness alters the ordering of bytes, since the contents of the
  struct are larger than 8-bit.
- its length varies.
- the location of the mutex kind (`PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE`,
  `PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK` or `PTHREAD_MUTEX_ADAPTIVE_NP`) varies
  between 32-bit and 64-bit: On 32-bit architectures, it is preceded by
  three int/unsigned int, while on 64-bit architectures, it is preceded
  by four of them.

These initializers are only available from <pthread.h> when _GNU_SOURCE
is defined.

Relax the cfg_if check in ci/style.rs to allow #[cfg(target_endian)]
tests.

Was able to move some of them up one level so they are valid on more
platforms with less duplication