!1880 added UIO_MAXIOV to libc, but did not add it to uclibc. This
causes build breaks for std against uclibc.

The pr #1870 introduced safe_f! macro, which made some functions like
WIFEXITED and WEXITSTATUS const and safe on linux_like platform only,
which causes inconsistency when trying to use those functions in crates
compiled across multiple platforms, as using unsafe on those functions
will generate unused_unsafe warning on linux platforms and lack of
unsafe block will fail compilation on non-linux platforms.

To avoid the inconsistency, this commit applies the same macro for all
the same functions on other platforms too.

Add AT_EACCESS to Linux, Solaris, and Fuchsia.

Add AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW, AT_REMOVEDIR, and  _AT_TRIGGER to Solaris.

This triggers a warning on a recent nightly, which in turn breaks CI due to
`#![deny(warnings)]` in libc-test/build.rs

It's *msg_prio* in both manpages and posix.

These constants have already been deprecated for a few releases with
a deprecation notice, so they can finally be removed.

Closes rust-lang/libc#665

sigevent structs on most platforms have padding or unused fields. Rather
than display those in the Debug impl by deriving it, manually implement
all extra_traits instead ignoring those fields.

`nl_pad` field does not contain any actual data, so using it for
comparison or hashing doesn't make sense. Instead manually implement
extra traits ignoring this field.

The `pad` or `__reserved`  fields are not always 0 on some platforms,
so when used in the `PartialEq` implementation being used, fails some
comparisons. This commit manually implements the extra traits to
correct this behavior.

The second argument of `gettimeofday` was a `*mut c_void` on all targets,
but that type is incorrect in the following targets, where it should be
a `*mut timezone` instead:

On these other targets it appears that the signature of gettimeofday was incorrect (it takes a time-zone pointer instead of a void pointer):

linux+gnu: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/gettimeofday.2.html
freebsd: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gettimeofday&apropos=0&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+11.2-stable&arch=default&format=html
openbsd: https://man.openbsd.org/gettimeofday.2
android: https://github.com/ricardoquesada/android-ndk/blob/master/usr/include/sys/time.h
dragonfly: https://www.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man?command=gettimeofday&section=2

This commit corrects the type on these targets, which is a breaking change. Due
to how this API is commonly used (e.g. passing `ptr::null_mut` to the second
argument), breakage should be minimal. Users wanting to support both versions
can just write `ptr as *mut _` instead.

Closes #1338.

-   fix syntax error in expand_align macro
-   fix errors due to doubly defined symbols / functions for
    x86_64-uclibc

This cleans up the build.rs of `libc-test` for apple targets.

I wanted to update the docker containers of some targets so that we can start
testing newer currently-skipped APIs properly, but it is impossible to figure
out which headers and APIs are skipped for each target.

This PR separates the testing of apple targets into its own self-contained
function. This allows seeing exactly which headers are included, and which items
are skipped. A lot of work will be required to separate the testing of all major
platforms and make the script reasonable.

During the clean up, I discovered that, at least for apple targets, deprecated
but not removed APIs are not tested. I re-enabled testing for those, and fixed
`daemon`, which was not properly linking its symbol. I also added the
`#[deprecated]` attribute to the `#[deprecated]` APIs of the apple targets. The
attribute is available since Rust 1.9.0 and the min. Rust version we support is
Rust 1.13.0.

Many other APIs are also currently not tested "because they are weird" which I
interpret as "the test failed for an unknown reason", as a consequence:

* the signatures of execv, execve, and execvp are incorrect (see
  https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/1272)

* the `sig_t` type is called `sighandler_t` in libc for some reason:
  https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/1273

This probably explains why some other things, like the
`sa_handler`/`sa_sigaction` fields of `sigaction` were skipped. The field is
actually a union, which can be either a `sig_t` for the `sa_handler` field, or
some other type for the `sa_sigaction` field, but because the distinction was
not made, the field was not checked.

The latest ctest version can check volatile pointers, so a couple of skipped
tests are now tested using this feature.