This cleans up the build.rs of `libc-test` for apple targets.

I wanted to update the docker containers of some targets so that we can start
testing newer currently-skipped APIs properly, but it is impossible to figure
out which headers and APIs are skipped for each target.

This PR separates the testing of apple targets into its own self-contained
function. This allows seeing exactly which headers are included, and which items
are skipped. A lot of work will be required to separate the testing of all major
platforms and make the script reasonable.

During the clean up, I discovered that, at least for apple targets, deprecated
but not removed APIs are not tested. I re-enabled testing for those, and fixed
`daemon`, which was not properly linking its symbol. I also added the
`#[deprecated]` attribute to the `#[deprecated]` APIs of the apple targets. The
attribute is available since Rust 1.9.0 and the min. Rust version we support is
Rust 1.13.0.

Many other APIs are also currently not tested "because they are weird" which I
interpret as "the test failed for an unknown reason", as a consequence:

* the signatures of execv, execve, and execvp are incorrect (see
  https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/1272)

* the `sig_t` type is called `sighandler_t` in libc for some reason:
  https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/1273

This probably explains why some other things, like the
`sa_handler`/`sa_sigaction` fields of `sigaction` were skipped. The field is
actually a union, which can be either a `sig_t` for the `sa_handler` field, or
some other type for the `sa_sigaction` field, but because the distinction was
not made, the field was not checked.

The latest ctest version can check volatile pointers, so a couple of skipped
tests are now tested using this feature.

Since these are defined in C as macros, they must be reimplemented in
libc as Rust functions.  They're hard to get exactly right, and they
vary from platform to platform.  The test builds custom C code that uses
the real macros, and compares its output to the Rust versions' output
for various inputs.

Skip the CMSG_NXTHDR test on sparc64 linux because it hits a Bus Error.

Issue #1239

Skip the entire cmsg test program on s390x because it dumps core
seemingly before the kernel finishes booting.

Issue #1240

We now create an additional binary `linux_fcntl` for testing this
since there are header conflicts when including all necessary headers.
This binary is run on all platforms even though it's empty on all non-
Android/non-Linux platforms.

Testing has been switched from a custom binary to using a runner-less
test (or pair of tests). This means that for local development a simple
`cd libc-test && cargo test` will run all the tests. CI has also been
updated here to reflect that.