Expose si_pid, si_uid, and si_status from siginfo_t as functions

On Linux, siginfo_t cannot expose these fields directly due to
https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/716 , so expose them as
functions, just like si_addr and si_value.

In order to get alignment correct on both 32-bit and 64-bit
architectures, define an sifields union that includes a pointer field,
to ensure that it has the same alignment as a pointer.